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C++11 - cppreference.com

示例

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auto and decltype
{
	int x = 8;
	int y = 9;
	auto z = x + y; // 一般用于类型过长
	 
	decltype(z) a = x + y; // 推导类型
	
	template<typename A, typename B>
	decltype(a+b) Add(A& a, B& b)
	{
		return a + b;
	}
}

trailing return type
{
	template<typename T, typename Y>
	auto add(T v1, Y v2) -> decltype(v1 + v2)
	{
		return v1 + v2;
	}
}


override and final
{
	struct Base
	{
		virtual void func();
	};
	
	struct A:Base
	{
		void func() final;
	};
	
	struct B:A
	{
		void func() override; // error
	};
}

lvalue and rvalue
{
	int x = 8; // 坐标为左值右边为右值
	std::cout<<"x: "<<x<<std::endl;
	{
		1. 左值可变,右值不可变(const type)
		2. 左值生存周期可以很长,右值只用一次
		3. 左值储存在内存区,右值没有固定地址,用完即释放
		4. 左值可以取地址,右值不可以
	}
	使用:
	int a = 8;
	int &x = a;  // 复制引用传参
	int &&x = a; // error
	int &&x = 8; // 移动右值传参

	const int &x = 8; // ok, 但实际上是将8转化为临时变量, 然后左值引用	
	
	有什么用:
	
	struct A{
		A(int &&x){
			cout<<"x: "<<x<<endl;
		}
	};
	
	A a(1);
	
}

default and delete
{
	class A
	{
		A() = default;
		~A() = default;
		A(const A&) = default; // 复制传参
		A(A&&) = default;      // 移动传参
		A& operator=(const A&) = default; // 可以连等
		A& operator=(A&&) = default; 
	};
	
	void func() = delete;
	
	class B
	{
		B& operator=(const B&) = delete;
	}
}

move constructors
{
	struct B;
	B b;
	B a = std::move(b);
}


scoped enums
{
	enum class : int{
		a = 0,
		b,
		c,
		d
	};
}

constexpr
{
	constexpr int x = 8; // 常量
}

delegating and inherited constructors
{
	struct A
	{
		A(const in& x, const int& y)
		:m_x(x),m_y(y)
		{}
		
		A(const int& y)
		:A(2,y)
		{}
	private:
		int m_x;
		int m_y;
	};
	
	struct B : A&{
		B(const in& x, const int& y)
		:A(x, y)
		{}
	};
}

type aliases
{
	using Degree = Angle<is_degree>;
	using Radian = Angle<is_radian>;
}

variadic templates 
{
	template<class... Types>
	struct Tuple {};
	 
	Tuple<> t0;           // Types contains no arguments
	Tuple<int> t1;        // Types contains one argument: int
	Tuple<int, float> t2; // Types contains two arguments: int and float
	Tuple<0> t3;          // error: 0 is not a type
	
	template<class... Types>
	void f(Types... args); // 
	 
	f();       // OK: args contains no arguments
	f(1);      // OK: args contains one argument: int
	f(2, 1.0); // OK: args contains two arguments: int and double
}


lambda
{
	auto a = []()->type{};
}

range-for
{
	int a[4] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
	for(int i : a)
	{
		cout<<" "<<i;
	}
	cout<<endl;
}

static_assert
{
	static_assert(true, "success pass!");
}

alignof
{
	std::size_t alignof(type)
}